اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﻲ واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺌﺔ وأﺛﺮه ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﺒﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ

Abstract

اﻧﻔﺮدت ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﻲ واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺌﺔ وھﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﮭﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﯿﻦ واﻟﻤﮭﺘﻤﯿﻦ ، ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﮭﺞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻠﻲ واﻹﯾﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ، ﺑﮭﺪف ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻂ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ أھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ووﻗﻒ اﻟﺼﺮاع اﻟﺒﺸﺮي ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﻮارد ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ ﯾﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺜﻘﯿﻒ واﻟﺘﻮﻋﯿﺔ ّاﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ، وﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻰ أن ﺖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻻ ﺟﺪال ﻓﯿﮫ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ وﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾ ﺛﺒ- دور اﻟﺤﺮب ﻓﻰ ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ُﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ، وأ ﻛﻤﻮطﻦ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎن، وﻣﺴﺎھﻤﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻹﺳﺮاع ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻧﮭﯿﺎر اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻹﯾﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ ، و ﻟﺘﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﻌﺎت اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ وإﻧﻔﺎذھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ اﻹھﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺤﺼﺮ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﻌﺎت واﻟﻠﻮاﺋﺢ واﻟﻘﺮارات اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺳﻮاء ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة او ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ وﺿﺮورة دﻋﻮة اﻟﻄﻼب واﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﯿﻦ إﻟﻰ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻣﻈﺎھﺮ اﻷﺿﺮار اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ وآﻟﯿﺎت ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺘﮭﺎ ، وأﺧﯿﺮا، دﻋﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﮭﺎ . This study is alone to discuss the subject of the institutional and legal structure of the environment, one of the important issues which are indispensable in protecting the environment in spite of the lack of eating of researchers and those interested in, using the descriptive analytical approach and the ecosystem, in order to highlight the importance of the law in protecting the environment and stop human conflict over resources Natural, the study has found that the application of environmental laws limiting environmental crimes also has to be education and awareness of environmental laws and the formation of the higher bodies to protect the environment, and proved to be an indisputable - the role of war in the threat environment as a home for humans, and their contribution to accelerate the process of the collapse of ecosystems, and for the development of environmental legislation and enforcement at the local level should be given to an inventory of all legislation, regulations and decisions related either directly or indirectly protected locally and environmental safety And the need to invite students and researchers to conduct further studies on the legal aspects of environmental damage and the mechanisms of response, and finally, the study called for compliance with environmental laws and justice in the application